The Effects Of Ocean On The Ocean - 1220 Words

The Ocean is a lot of water, which covers most of the earth. The oceans are located all around us, it’s broken into four sections, even though there are four sections the water is one continuous body of water. Water has three properties liquid, gas, and solid. Oceans have been around a very long time, so the salts were added to the water at a time when gases and lava were spewing from increased volcanic activity. Carbon dioxide dissolved in the water from the atmosphere this forms weak carbonic acid which dissolves minerals. When the minerals dissolve, ions are formed; this is why the water is salty. The Ocean has many characteristics’ the motion/currents, the depth, there are some parts that are so black because it’s do far down. The†¦show more content†¦Continental shelves have different widths but are usually wide long low-lying. The ocean has really deep areas called trenches, those areas are the deepest. The Ocean’s waters came from rocks ins ide the newly forming earth. As the rocks cooled, they released water vapor and other gases. The vapor condensed and covered the crust with a primitive ocean. Today, hot gases from the earth’s interior continue to produce water at the bottom of the ocean. From the deepest ocean trench to the tallest mountain, plate tectonics explains the features and movement of Earth s surface in the present and the past. The ocean is home to the best looking fish. The ocean has five life zones; each has organisms adapted to their specific ecosystem. The epipelagic zone is the sunlit upper layer of the ocean. It reaches from the surface to about 660 feet deep. The epipelagic zone is also known as the photic or euphotic zone, and can exist in lakes as well as the ocean. The next zone down, stretching to about 3,300 feet deep, it is the mesopelagic zone. This zone is also known as the twilight zone because the light there is very dim. The lack of sunlight means there are no plants in the meso pelagic zone, but large fish and whales hunt there. The bathypelagic zone, reaches to about 13,000 feet deep. The bathypelagic zone is also known as the midnight zone because no light reaches it. The abyssopelagic zone is very salty and cold. At depths up to 19,000 feet, the pressure is very strong

The Late Middle Ages The Age Of Discovery And Innovation

The Late Middle Ages were characterized by both periods of decline and periods of transition into the Renaissance. Therefore, if only viewed through some aspects, the overall quality of the Late Middle Ages can be interpreted in vastly different ways. When all events are taken into account, it is evident that even though there were periods of extreme decline and cultural deficiency, numerous events helped transition Europe into an age of discovery and innovation. The Late Middle Ages are sometimes considered â€Å"the Dark Ages† due to the decline in literary advancement and the increase in adversities and superstitions. The Black Death, or Bubonic Plague, had a major influence on the overall decline of the Late Middle Ages. Some records indicate that the Plague killed nearly 60 percent of the population of Europe, about 50 million people, in the 14th century. Europeans, most of them devout Christians, frantically searched for an explanation beyond their understanding. By turning to God, many believed that He was punishing them. Giovanni Boccaccio’s â€Å"The Decameron† gives us an in-depth look into the calamity that was the Bubonic Plague. â€Å"And some holding it best to live temperately, and to avoid excesses of all kinds, made parties, and shut themselves up from the rest of the world; eating and drinking moderately of the best, diverting themselves with music, and such other entertainments as they might have with in doors; never listening to anything from without, to make themShow MoreRelatedRevolutionizing Renaissance Inventions : An Age Of Discovery And Creation1368 Words   |  6 PagesMatty Rhee Kirill Taranouchtchenko World Civilization 1 (Period G) 5/28/16 Revolutionizing Renaissance Inventions The Renaissance was a historical time period in Europe succeeding the Middle Ages. It was an era of rebirth as well as an age of discovery and creation. The term â€Å"renaissance† is a French word. 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The Appearance and Development of Haitian Creole Free Essays

string(38) " television and even some newspapers\." The Appearance and Development of Haitian Creole As written in Jacques Arends’ â€Å"Pidgin and Creole: An Introduction,† Haitian Creole first originated from a pidgin. With time, this pidgin gradually developed into a creole, later on becoming the co-official language of Haiti. Haitian Creole may be recognized as one of the official languages, along with French, however there are negative associations linked with this creole. We will write a custom essay sample on The Appearance and Development of Haitian Creole or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance, the stereotypical view of a speaker of Haitian Creole still remains as one who is black, poor, and uneducated. Slowly however, things are changing; Haitian Creole is becoming more accepted and the knowledge of its existence is growing as its speakers spread across the world. What made this creole grow and thrive out of its own country, transported to other nations all across the world? This paper will study the unfolding of this creole as well as focus on the way it is spoken in the northeastern United States, since studies show that is where most speakers emigrate to, as stated by Zephir in her works. What will also be discussed is the changes the creole underwent, hand in hand with the various perspectives associated with the creole and the factors that lead to its successful spread. Before even beginning the topic of Haitian Creole’s migration into the United States, it is important to learn more about the language itself. First a brief history on this creole is necessary- to know the origins of this language and the different social and economic factors surrounding it as time passed. As stated before by Arends, Haitian Creole first started from a pidgin between Haitian slaves in the 16th century. As the years progressed, the pidgin was modified, changed, and soon developed into the creole used today. It was spread across Haiti by various media such as television and newspapers until finally in 1987 its official status became verified in the Haitian constitution (St. Fort). One would think that Haitian Creole and French would have equal standing as both co-official languages, but studies have shown that only a small minority speak French while the majorities all know Haitian Creole. This fact has also been confirmed when it’s brought up while interviewing my Haitian friend, Stephanie. She is currently a college student in another CUNY school who agreed to sit down with me for a while to talk about Haitian Creole and her thoughts about her culture in relations to her life in New York now. Stephanie exclaims that although she knows both French and Haitian Creole since she learned them in school, most of her community back home spoke in the creole. Hardly ever was French used, except in formal circumstances. Nevertheless, French is the preferred language when it comes to formal occasions, leaving Haitian Creole behind, being considered the â€Å"second language. † As Joseph had stated in his work, â€Å"The connection between French and Haitian Creole may seem like an example of diglossia, but that is not the case. Only 10% of Haitians know and understand French, while all Haitians are fluent in Haitian Creole. † While Haitian Creole may not be used in formalities, the fact that it is so well-known and used more often than French in Haiti sheds some light into how Haitian Creole has spread out of Haiti. From the percentages Joseph gives, and from what Stephanie had said earlier, one can see that if Haitians migrate elsewhere, they are more likely to bring the Haitian Creole with them instead of French. In doing so, this creole ends up expanding in the area in which it is used. St. Fort states, â€Å"In the Diaspora, Haitian Creole is a living language spoken by more than a million living in North and South America, the Caribbean, Europe, and even in Africa. † For many years now, Haitian immigrants have been pouring into the United States, mainly the northeastern states. The author Zephir describes this Haitian movement towards the north saying, â€Å"Haitian immigration to the United States was initially slow in the first half of the 20th century. While the United States occupied Haiti from 1915-1934, a group of Haitian immigrants came to the United States to flee the occupation of their homeland. There were hundreds of immigrants, mostly from rural Haitian areas. Then in 1951-1960, thousands more Haitians followed. After the 1965 Immigration Act, Haitian immigration shot up. From 1932 until 2000, a total of 414,401 Haitians came legally to the United States. So we can see the reason why Haitian immigrants move to the northeastern states is again revealed by Zephir. She writes, â€Å"The two top cities where Haitians migrate to New York and Boston, followed by Philadelphia, Florida, and other places in the Midwest. New York is especially known for having the largest concentration of Haitians as well as some of the oldest and most established Haiti an communities. An estimate of the Haitians living in New York and the surrounding areas is anywhere from 200,000- 500,000. In Florida, the number is around 270,000, followed by 75,000 Haitians in Massachusetts. † Once these immigrants have settled and communities have sprung up, there is a slow increase in aid and support, helping to link the Haitian community together. The most evident form would be through the media. Now that technology is so developed and everything is more convenient, there is television, radio, and newspapers all using Haitian Creole, catering specifically to the Haitian immigrants. Note that although this media may help unify the community and keep the native language intact, a Haitian immigrant who knows only Haitian Creole will be unable to get out of his social circle and really prosper since he does not know English, which is the more international language. Again, in my talk with Stephanie, she mentioned being surrounded by Haitian Creole upon her first month moving to New York. She spoke the creole with her relatives, could find some Haitian Creole or French channels on the television and even some newspapers. You read "The Appearance and Development of Haitian Creole" in category "Papers" However, upon enrolling into the university, she felt completely lost surrounded by English speaking students. She had to learn English on her own in order to be able to move comfortably and advance in the American community. Such is the case with Haitian children who go to American schools; they must learn to separate their home life, where they may speak Haitian Creole, with their school life, where everything is taught in English and the culture is different. Since Haitian Creole is not an international language such as English, Haitian children may become frustrated since they must quickly adapt to the new school environment. Sometimes they lose interest in the school material and give up effort. Zephir writes that in order to prevent this, â€Å"teachers should understand the unique character of the Haitian community and view Haitian Creole as a language just as important as Spanish or French. Additionally, home language instruction is just as valuable as that in school. † By helping Haitian children to overcome these language differences as well as cultural differences, the teacher can also help the child see his own unique identity- not only as a Haitian but a Haitian-American. Not only Haitian children experience hardships upon migrating to the United States but older speakers who have never had a chance to go to school or learn English have an even bigger barrier separating them from the new country they have come to. Again, as with Haitian children, without being fluent in English these adults are not likely to proceed very far out of their own Haitian communities, much less find good paying jobs to support themselves as well as their children’s’ education. Buxton even states in his article, â€Å"while the low-educated parents all work at low-income jobs, even the more educated parents have not yet obtained jobs on the level they had back in Haiti. † When I asked Stephanie about her Haitian relatives here, she stated they are not completely comfortable with speaking English and have a slight accent. She noted also that because of this, they tended to stay more within the Haitian Creole-speaking circle and communicated mostly with other Haitians. Thus, with just Haitian Creole it is very unlikely any Haitian immigrants can successfully break into the American culture and mainstream life. It is inevitable that with these two languages- French and Haitian Creole, Haitians must face a sort of identity dilemma. Haitians might be bilingual in both languages but the connotations and instances where the two languages are used are very different from one another. French is used in formal settings- therefore the speaker is considered to be more high-class and educated, having an all-around good quality. On the other hand, Haitians are much more comfortable speaking their creole, but being viewed as a â€Å"language for the masses† it is given more negative connotations than French. Haitian immigrants in the United States tend to use Haitian Creole more than French, but even so since they do not know English they are unable to get very far. Only upon mastering English will these Haitians be able to progress out into the American culture. First generation Haitians who have just migrated tend to experience this difficulty of learning another language and trying to get used to life in a different country, but second generation Haitians do not have as much trouble. Even though there are no Haitian immersion programs which help a child learn its â€Å"mother language† and culture, the second generation Haitian children quickly pick up Haitian Creole in the home environment and then just as easily learn English at school. Compared with their parents who are not compelled to use English in a social setting like school, second generation Haitian children quickly catch on to the American culture in school and stick to it, since that is the way of their peers and others their age. In effect, the children sometimes become bilingual in both English and their Creole, or if they are extremely attached to their new-found American culture in school, speak mostly English without practicing their creole. When I asked Stephanie about how she felt if her child later on in the future became more American rather than Haitian, Stephanie thought for a long time. Then she responded that whatever the outcome, she will be happy because she realizes that just knowing Haitian Creole is not enough to get by in this country. If learning English leads the child to becoming more Americanized then she is fine with that, since the child would be proficient in English and have no hindrances in his life. In conclusion we can see that Haitian Creole has an extensive history, from its origins as a pidgin to becoming a co-official language in Haiti to being carried over to the northeastern States via Haitian immigrants. The creole is widely spoken all across the world and is still alive and thriving in each of its speakers. However, the fact that this creole is not an international spoken language such as English poses problems in the way it survives. True it is being spoken by people all around the world but by knowing that one creole alone, a person could not get far in the world. So, usually a person who knows Haitian Creole also speaks another international language- be it English or French. In the United States, Haitian Creole may continue to thrive and grow however not in settings such as schools and offices. Perhaps in more casual settings like homes and neighborhood communities this creole is used, but it probably will never rise to the level of an international language. Many Haitians are trying to enlighten others about Haitian Creole- such as Zephir and St. Fort- and offer the language in universities. Code-switching is also popular with Haitians, as Stephanie tells me more and more she uses both Haitian Creole and English when speaking with her friends at the university. Perhaps with time, Haitian Creole will die out as the generations pass and the children choose to learn more international languages. Or there might be Haitian parents that insist on teaching their child the creole, along with another language, to remember their culture and history. Either way, Haitian Creole is unlikely to reach international status. References †¢ Arends, J. Pidgins and creoles, an introduction. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 1995. Print. †¢ Buxton, C. A. , et al. â€Å"The Role of Language in Academic and Social Transition of Haitian Children and Their Parents to Urban U. S. Schools. † Bilingual Research Journal. 2007-8. Print. †¢ Joseph, C. M. B†¦ â€Å"Haitian Creole in NY. † The Multilingual Apple: Languages in New York City. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2002. Print. †¢ Muhlhausler, Peter. Pidgin and creole linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell, 1986. Print. †¢ Stephanie. Personal Interview. July 2012. †¢ Fort, H†¦ â€Å"What is Haitian Creole? †AHAD. AHAD, 2004. December 2, 2011. Web. †¢ Zephir, F.. â€Å"Juggling with Two Cultures: Transnationalism and Hybridity as Cultural Outcomes of Immigration for Haitians in the United States. † Bicultural, Self Identity and Societal Transformation. UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2008. Print. †¢ The New Americans: The Haitian Americans. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2004. Print. How to cite The Appearance and Development of Haitian Creole, Papers

Leadership Styles for Multi Generational Workforce

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Styles for Multi Generational Workforce. Answer: Introduction The ever increasing globalisation and digitization has made the entire world a smaller place. It has shown direct effects on the modern business environments around the globe. Primarily due to increasing globalization of businesses and surmounting competition, the organizations are facing several internal as well as external pressures. Among various pressures such as economic uncertainties of international markets, stiff rise in competition, etc. The two pressures discussed here includes management of diversity in workplace and maintenance of organisational ethics in the modern business scenarios. The workplace diversity denotes the range of variations among the employees working in an organization. Diversity includes a wide variety of parameters such as race, ethnic group, gender, age, cognitive style, personality, tenure, education, organizational function, background and so on. Thus to manage the pressures arising from diversity at workplace is one of the crucial challenges of modern business organisations and managers. Effective management of diversity is essential to leverage the benefits and reduce the pressures caused by it (Ingram, 2017). The aspects of diversity not alone affect the person's perception about themselves but also of others. This in turn affects their mutual interactions and hence their performances in the organization, Managers thus have a critical responsibility of effectively dealing with matters like adaptability, communication and change. Along with the problems relating to the workplace diversity, it has various benefits too. The modern organizations success depends upon its ability to adapt to the new changing business environment. The diverse workforce provides avenues for the increased adaptability for the organization. The varieties of solutions provided by the organizations are greatly benefitted by employees with varied backgrounds, experiences and talents. The managers are able to do better allocation of resources, sourcing and services with the help of team with diversity. Such companies are able to give broader range of services as compared to companies with non-diversified workforce. The variety of viewpoints could be obtained by diverse workforce, enabling the organizations to enjoy benefit of pool of talents from across the globe. The execution of companies which encourage diversity is effective as they inspire their employees to give their best performance on global platform. Thus the organizations produ ctivity, profitability as well as sustainability strengthen. However, the benefits of diverse workforce could be reaped by the organization and managers when they can overcome the issues attached to it. The prime issue in diversified organization is of effective communication. The culture, perception as well as language barriers must be overcome for smooth functioning of the operations in an organisation. the ineffective communication cold lead to poor team work, lack of understanding of objectives of the company, internal disputes or even loss of image of the company in market (Ropes, 2013). It also leads to other major issues such as resistance to change, glitches in implementation of organizational strategies and therefore adverse effects on the profitability of the company. Some of the solutions thatcould be applied by the managers to overcome the pressures posed by diversity of workforce include assessment of diversity in the organization.This could be done using the customizedemployee satisfaction surveys. The managers could use this information toidentify the obstaclesandchallenges of their workforce and thereby implement policies to increase their effectiveness. Another solution managers can adopt is development of comprehensive, attainable and measurable plan for diversity in the workplace. Implementation of this plan could help the managers to ward off pressures posed by diversity. The managers could also evade change resistance with the policies of inclusion by involvingevery employee in bestpossible way. This would help to foster the feeling of belongingness and openness. Organisations at large must promote diversity in leadership positions, so as to encourage employees at lower levels to give wider acceptance to their diversified colleagues. Ma nagers can also utilize diversity training tools to manage increasing diversity in the current business environment (Greenberg, 2013). Managing organisations ethics Organizational ethics could be understood as the underlying standards and principals which governs the operations of a business. The ethics in any organisations could be demonstrated by its acts of compassion, fairness, , integrity, responsibility and honour. The organisation and the managers have the responsibility of ensuring that their employees completely understand the ethics of their company. Therefore, the training of employees on company ethics is important for management to subsidize the pressures of unethical behaviour in an organisation (Al-Asfour Lettau, 2014). The issues which arise from the unethical behaviour in any organisation could lead to loss of reputation, business loss and even ultimate demise of the organisation. The current business environment and high market competition often tempts the companies to adopt methods of profitability that are not entirely ethical. Such method ultimately becomes the cause of pressure from market, regulatory authorities, and as well final consumers. Therefore, it is imperative for the organisation and managers to deal with the issues of organisational ethics (Podsiadlowski Groschke, 2013). One of the most important methods of incorporating organisation ethics in a company is to adopt the policy of uniform treatment of the employees. The companies which treat their employees with equality, tends to incorporate the values and ethics of business in them. Thereby not only protecting their business but also showcasing the image of responsible corporate in the market. Managers could treat their employees with fairness irrespective of their religion, race, cultures or lifestyles. Business ethics could be maintained by managers by giving sensitivity training and providing equal opportunities of growth for all the employees (Suttle, 2017). The important pressure on the companies these days is to protect the community as well as environment in which they operate. The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is one of the key aspects of the companies in the global markets. The organisational ethics considers various factors regarding the company's social responsibilities and thus the managers have an important role in ensure the same. Also the aspects of financial ethics must be taken care by the managers in any organisation in order to ensure that the company does not have to face legal or statutory proceedings against it. Mangers can maintain the financial ethics by ensuring no state legislators for tax credits are broken or no insider trading is done by the employees. Also such important laws biding the company to behave ethically in financial matters must be complied by the management (Griseri Seppala, 2010). Conclusion The two pressures of maintaining balance with diverse workforce and upholding ethics in highly competitive current business environments are of great importance for the organizations ad managers. In the coming years would surely see higher diversification and therefore the organisations which would address this issue well in time would only be able to survive in the dynamic business environment. Similarly, the stiffness of competition would only increase in the future. Even in such scenarios the companies adopting ethical means would be able to sustain and become beacon of success in the business world. References Al-Asfour, A., Lettau, L. (2014). Strategies for leadership styles for multi-generational workforce.Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics,11(2), 58. Greenberg, J. (2013). Diversity in the Workplace. University of Houston. Retrieved 20 April 2017, from https://www.uh.edu/ucs/employers/newsletter/2013/fall.pdf Griseri, P., Seppala, N. (2010). Business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Cengage Learning. Ingram, D. (2017). Advantages and Disadvantages of Diversity in Workplace. Smallbusiness.chron.com. Retrieved 20 April 2017, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-diversity-workplace-3041.html Podsiadlowski, A., Groschke, D., Kogler, M., Springer, C., Van Der Zee, K. (2013). Managing a culturally diverse workforce: Diversity perspectives in organizations.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,37(2), 159-175. Suttle, R. (2017). Example of Organizational Ethics. Smallbusiness.chron.com. Retrieved 20 April 2017, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/example-organizational-ethics-36755.html